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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 62(6): 644-647, Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-983803

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY A gonadal tumor was diagnosed in the first months of life in a patient with genital ambiguity, a 45,X/46,XY karyotype, and mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Gonadal biopsies at the age of 3 months revealed dysgenetic testes and a gonadoblastoma on the right testis. Even though gonadal tumors are rare in childhood, this case indicates that prophylactic removal of dysgenetic gonads should be performed as early as possible, especially when the female sex is assigned to a patient with a Y-chromosome sequence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Testicular Neoplasms/pathology , Gonadoblastoma/pathology , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/pathology , Testicular Neoplasms/surgery , Testicular Neoplasms/etiology , Testis/pathology , Biopsy , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Gonadoblastoma/surgery , Gonadoblastoma/etiology , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/surgery , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/complications
2.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(4): 328-334, 06/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-711638

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Verificar se a hibridização in situ por fluorescência (FISH) em células de mucosa oral poderia ser empregada para detectar criptomosaicismo com linhagem 45,X em pacientes 46,XY. Sujeitos e métodos: Amostra de 19 jovens saudáveis 46,XY e cinco pacientes com distúrbios da diferenciação do sexo (DDS), quatro 45,X/46,XY e um 46,XY. FISH com sondas específicas para X e Y em núcleos interfásicos de linfócitos e mucosa oral para investigar a proporção de núcleos contendo apenas o sinal do cromossomo X. Resultados: A frequência de núcleos contendo apenas o sinal do X nos dois tecidos dos homens saudáveis não diferiu (p = 0,69). Em todos os pacientes com DDS essa frequência foi significativamente maior, e também não houve diferença entre os dois tecidos (p = 0,38). Conclusões: A investigação de mosaicismo com linhagem 45,X em pacientes com DDS 46,XY ou esterilidade pode ser feita por FISH diretamente em células de mucosa oral. .


Objective: To verify whether fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of cells from the buccal epithelium could be employed to detect cryptomosaicism with a 45,X lineage in 46,XY patients. Subjects and methods: Samples of nineteen 46,XY healthy young men and five patients with disorders of sex development (DSD), four 45,X/46,XY and one 46,XY were used. FISH analysis with X and Y specific probes on interphase nuclei from blood lymphocytes and buccal epithelium were analyzed to investigate the proportion of nuclei containing only the signal of the X chromosome. Results: The frequency of nuclei containing only the X signal in the two tissues of healthy men did not differ (p = 0.69). In all patients with DSD this frequency was significantly higher, and there was no difference between the two tissues (p = 0.38), either. Conclusions: Investigation of mosaicism with a 45,X cell line in patients with 46,XY DSD or sterility can be done by FISH directly using cells from the buccal epithelium. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Disorders of Sex Development/genetics , Disorders of Sex Development/pathology , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Mosaicism , Mouth Mucosa , Cell Nucleus , Disorders of Sex Development/blood , /blood , /genetics , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/blood , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/genetics , Interphase , Infertility, Male/genetics , Lymphocytes , Turner Syndrome/genetics
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 56(8): 545-551, Nov. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-660264

ABSTRACT

FISH has been used as a complement to classical cytogenetics in the detection of mosaicism in sex chromosome anomalies. The aim of this study is to describe three cases in which the final diagnosis could only be achieved by FISH. Case 1 was an 8-year-old 46,XY girl with normal female genitalia referred to our service because of short stature. FISH analysis of lymphocytes with probes for the X and Y centromeres identified a 45,X/46,X,idic(Y) constitution, and established the diagnosis of Turner syndrome. Case 2 was a 21-month-old 46,XY boy with genital ambiguity (penile hypospadias, right testis, and left streak gonad). FISH analysis of lymphocytes and buccal smear identified a 45,X/46,XY karyotype, leading to diagnosis of mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Case 3 was a 47,XYY 19-year-old boy with delayed neuromotor development, learning disabilities, psychological problems, tall stature, small testes, elevated gonadotropins, and azoospermia. FISH analysis of lymphocytes and buccal smear identified a 47,XYY/48,XXYY constitution. Cases 1 and 2 illustrate the phenotypic variability of the 45,X/46,XY mosaicism, and the importance of detection of the 45,X cell line for proper management and follow-up. In case 3, abnormal gonadal function could be explained by the 48,XXYY cell line. The use of FISH in clinical practice is particularly relevant when classical cytogenetic analysis yields normal or uncertain results in patients with features of sex chromosome aneuploidy. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):545-51.


FISH tem sido usado como um complemento para a citogenética clássica na detecção de mosaicismo em anomalias de cromossomos sexuais. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever três casos nos quais o diagnóstico final só foi obtido por meio de FISH. O caso 1 é uma menina de 8 anos, 46,XY, com genitália feminina normal, encaminhada ao nosso setor devido à baixa estatura. A análise de linfócitos por FISH com sondas centroméricas de X e Y identificou a constituição 45,X/46,X,idic(Y) e estabeleceu o diagnóstico de síndrome de Turner. O caso 2 é um menino de 21 meses, 46,XY, com ambiguidade genital (hipospadia peniana, testículo à direita e gônada disgenética à esquerda). FISH de linfócitos e mucosa oral identificou o cariótipo 45,X/46,XY, levando ao diagnóstico de disgenesia gonadal mista. O caso 3 é um rapaz de 19 anos, 47,XYY, com atraso de desenvolvimento neuromotor, dificuldade de aprendizado, problemas psicológicos, alta estatura, testículos pequenos, gonadotrofinas elevadas e azoospermia. FISH de linfócitos e mucosa oral identificou a constituição 47,XYY/48,XXYY. Os casos 1 e 2 ilustram a variabilidade fenotípica do mosaico 45,X/46,XY e a importância da detecção da linhagem 45,X na avaliação e na condução dos casos. No caso 3, a função gonadal anormal pôde ser explicada pela linhagem 48,XXYY. O uso de FISH na prática clínica é particularmente relevante quando a análise citogenética clássica traz resultados normais ou incertos em pacientes com quadro sugestivo de uma aneuploidia de cromossomos sexuais. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):545-51.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/diagnosis , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods , Mosaicism , Sex Chromosome Aberrations , Turner Syndrome/diagnosis , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/genetics , Turner Syndrome/genetics
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(3): 331-334, Apr.-Mar. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-547563

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to describe the change in diagnosis and prognosis of a child with testicular dysgenesis and 46,XY karyotype after detection of a 45,X cell line and to discuss the difficulties caused by the terms mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) and XY partial gonadal dysgenesis (XYPGD). One case was reported including clinical and laboratory findings of a child of 41-day-old infant with 1.3-cm phallus, penoscrotal hypospadias and left prepubertal testis. Karyotype 46,XY (16 cells), normal hormone levels. Right streak gonad, epididymis and müllerian remnants were removed; initial diagnosis was XYPGD. Persistent growth retardation led to further cytogenetic analysis (50 cells) and detection of a 45,X cell line. Detection of a 45,X lineage changed both the diagnosis to MGD and also the prognosis.The number of cells analyzed in karyotyping is critical. Use of MGD and XYPGD to designate both a histological picture and a syndromic diagnosis, results in lack of emphasis on clinical differences between 46,XY and 45,X/46,XY subjects.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a mudança no diagnóstico e no prognóstico de criança com disgenesia testicular e cariótipo 46,XY após detecção de linhagem 45,X e discutir as dificuldades causadas pelas denominações disgenesia gonadal mista (DGM) e disgenesia gonadal parcial XY (DGPXY). Relatou-se um caso incluindo achados clínicos e laboratoriais de uma criança de 41 dias com falo de 1,3 cm, hipospadia penoescrotal e testículo pré-puberal à esquerda. Cariótipo 46,XY (16 células), níveis hormonais normais. Gônada direita (disgenética), epidídimo e remanescentes müllerianos foram removidos; o diagnóstico inicial foi DGPXY. Retardo de crescimento persistente levou à ampliação da análise citogenética (50 células) e à detecção de linhagem 45,X. A detecção de linhagem 45,X modificou o diagnóstico para DGM e também o prognóstico. No cariótipo, o número de células analisadas é crítico. O uso de DGM e DGPXY para designar tanto quadro histológico quanto diagnóstico clínico resulta em falta de ênfase nas diferenças clínicas entre indivíduos 46,XY e 45,X/46,XY.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Male , /pathology , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/pathology , Phenotype , Testis/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , /genetics , Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed/genetics , Prognosis , Testis/abnormalities
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